歷年托福聽力真題精選

社會科學(xué)類。人類從什么時候開始cultivated，然后舉了個小麥的例子，后面又說data用電腦分析。

-TPO部分對應(yīng)參考(考古學(xué)TPO14-L4/TPO23-L1/TPO24-L3)

【資料圖】

-參考背景

Wheat is one of the first cereals known to have been domesticated, andwheat"s ability to self-pollinate greatly facilitated the selection of manydistinct domesticated varieties. The archaeological record suggests that thisfirst occurred in the regions known as the Fertile Crescent. Recent findings estimate the firstdomestication of wheat down to a small region of southeastern Turkey, anddomesticated Einkorn wheat at Wadi el Jilat in Jordan—has been dated to 7,500-7,300 BCE

Cultivation of wheat began to spread beyond the Fertile Crescent afterabout 8000 BCE. Jared Diamond traces the spread of cultivated emmer wheat starting in the Fertile Crescent sometimebefore 8800 BCE. Archaeological analysis of wild emmer indicates that it was first cultivated in the southern Levant with finds at Iran dating back as far as 9600 BCE. Genetic analysis of wild einkorn wheatsuggests that it was first grown in the Karacadag Mountains in southeastern Turkey. Dated archeologicalremains of einkorn wheat in settlement sites near this region, including thoseat Abu Hureyra inSyria, suggest the domestication of einkorn near the Karacadag Mountain Range.With the anomalous exception of two grains from Iraq ed-Dubb, the earliest carbon-14 date for einkorn wheat remains at Abu Hureyra is 7800 to 7500 years BCE.

Remains of harvested emmer from several sites near the Karacadag Range havebeen dated to between 8600 and 8400 BCE, that is, in the Neolithic period. With the exception of Iraq ed-Dubb, theearliest carbon-14 dated remains of domesticated emmer wheat were found in theearliest levels of Tell Aswad, in the Damascus basin, near Mount Hermon in Syria. These remains were dated by Willem van Zeist and his assistant Johanna Bakker-Heeres to 8800BCE. They also concluded that the settlers of Tell Aswad did not develop thisform of emmer themselves, but brought the domesticated grains with them from anas yet unidentified location elsewhere.

Conversation 2

學(xué)生做了個trip plan給學(xué)生參觀華盛頓，然后會有晚餐還有表演。部門的director就說要多填個form反映問題，好像是學(xué)校的policy變了。然后說performance,由historyclub表演，drama club寫劇本，director說很棒。不過她擔(dān)心場地問題還有資金問題，學(xué)生說提前買票會便宜。

-TPO部分對應(yīng)參考(社團(tuán)生活TPO11-C1/TPO15-C1/TPO26-C1)

-TPO對應(yīng)詞匯

校內(nèi)工作，課外活動

及尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)援助：

Letterof reference/recommendation

Competitive

Benefitfuture career

Fieldresearch

Collectdata for papers

Waiter,waitress，Babysitter

Workat the library

Qualification資格,qualified 合格的

Resume,CV

financialaid經(jīng)濟(jì)援助

ScholarshipFellowship

Teachingassistantship 助教獎學(xué)金

Researchassistantship 研究獎學(xué)金

Grant助學(xué)金

Loan 貸款

Need-based以需求為基礎(chǔ)

Merit-based以優(yōu)秀為基礎(chǔ)

Studentunion 學(xué)生會

Clubs俱樂部

Membership成員資格

Careerservice

Lecture 3

藝術(shù)類。講一幅畫究竟畫的莎士比亞。在一個private collection上第一次出現(xiàn)，有人說畫像中的人是莎士比亞。但一直有debate,因?yàn)橛X得當(dāng)時的playwright沒有地位，不能穿這樣的衣服。

-TPO部分對應(yīng)參考(美術(shù)學(xué)TPO3-L3/TPO15-L3/TPO21-L4)

-參考背景

Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith.Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor,writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain"s Men, later known as the King"s Men. Heappears to have retired to Stratford around 1613 at age 49, where he died threeyears later. Few records of Shakespeare"s private life survive, and there hasbeen considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.

Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. Hisearly plays were mainly comedies and histories andthese works remain regarded as some of the best work produced in these genres.He then wrote mainly tragedies untilabout 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his lastphase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, andcollaborated with other playwrights.

Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality andaccuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two friends and fellow actors ofShakespeare, published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic worksthat included all but two of the plays now recognized as Shakespeare"s. It wasprefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed,presciently, as "not of an age, but for all time". In the 20th and21st century, his work has been repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by newmovements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular todayand are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse culturaland political contexts throughout the world.

Lecture 4

生命科學(xué)類。動物儲存食物。教授說有兩種研究。一種是一天給早餐，一天不給。一段時間后，即使天天給，鳥類也會在一三五早上為了future來store食物。另一種是鳥類分兩組，一組store食物時，有其他鳥observe,另一組store食物時沒有其他鳥observe。然后發(fā)現(xiàn)第一組會在其他鳥走后重新store食物。結(jié)論是鳥類有future plan,還用mental思考。

-TPO部分對應(yīng)參考(動物學(xué)TPO8-L1/TPO16-L3/TPO23-L3)